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RMA form, calibration, repairs, warranty, technical terms and references.

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RMA Form

Request a Return Merchandise Authorization number for repairs and recalibrations.

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Calibration

NIST traceable calibration. IST recommends annual re-calibration for all recorders. Certified to MIL-STD-45662A and ISO Z 540 compliant.

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Repairs

Repairs and recalibration, with an Expedite Service to get your system back within days. If we cannot return your unit as promised, the expedite fee is waived.

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Warranty

Limited product warranty, software warranty, and extended warranty options for all systems.

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Technical Terms

Glossary of shock, vibration, and measurement terminology.

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References

Notes and references on shock & vibration, including ASTM and ISTA standards.

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NIST Traceable Calibration

IST recommends annual re-calibration for all recorders. We provide a complete recalibration service to help keep your system providing accurate results. IST has been certified to MIL-STD-45662A and is ISO Z 540 compliant. All calibrations are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

We request customers contact IST Technical support or get an RMA number before returning equipment.

Repairs & Recalibration

Expedite Service

To ensure the best possible turnaround time on non-warranty repairs and recalibrations, IST offers an Expedite Service. IST will get your system back to you within days. Availability of this service is subject to our production schedule, and the needs of other customers as well. If we cannot return your unit as promised, the expedite fee is waived.

To expedite your order call or email ahead to arrange it. Note that your order will be moved to “next in line” status, but your order can be superseded by any order classified as a US Defense Priority, per applicable law.

Warranty

Limited Product Warranty

IST warrants its instruments are free of manufacturing defects for one year from the delivery date. If a defect is discovered within this period, IST will repair or replace the product within a reasonable time. We reserve the right to decide whether the product will be replaced or repaired. This warranty is limited to defects that are found to be due to IST’s manufacturing or testing procedures. The warranty does not apply to accessories such as batteries, accelerometers or cables that are manufactured by others. By using instruments and accessories manufactured by IST or its suppliers, the customer agrees that IST is not liable for any losses suffered as a result of this use and agrees to the conditions of this warranty.

Limited Software Warranty

IST guarantees its software programs only to the extent of replacement for one year from the delivery date. IST will replace, at no charge, any software programs supplied by IST that are found to be defective. By using software supplied by IST, the customer agrees that IST is not liable for any losses suffered as a result of this use and agrees to the conditions of this warranty.

Extended Warranty

At the time of purchase, you may choose to extend the warranty coverage beyond the standard one year. IST offers extended warranties for all systems for two, three or five years from the date of manufacture. Extended Warranties cover the cost of the recommended yearly recalibration, as well as all repairs that may be needed.

Technical Terms

ASTM International
Formerly American Society of Testing & Materials. An organization that develops and publishes testing standards. In particular ASTM publishes several standards related to packaging and transportation pre-shipment testing. IST recorders are frequently used by manufacturers to validate these standards and/or modify them to fit their particular shipping environment.
Accelerometer (Tri-axial)
A transducer that measures acceleration forces along three orthogonal axes (X, Y, and Z). IST recorders use these to determine the exact direction and magnitude of a shock, or vibrations.
Change in Velocity (ΔV)
For a transient shock or impact event this is the area under the shock pulse curve, also known as the integral, also denoted ΔV. This value is often correlated with the severity or damage potential of an event. The IST SnapShock-Plus instrument computes this value on the fly when recording shock and impact data.
Cushioning Factor
A measure of how effectively a cushioning material reduces shock or impact forces transmitted to a packaged product during handling, transportation, or drop events. It is typically expressed as the ratio of the acceleration experienced by the packaged item to the static stress or impact input applied to the cushioning system. IST recorders are often used to measure the cushioning factor of a packaged product.
DC-response
The ability of a transducer to measure a constant level of acceleration over time, including static (0 Hz) acceleration.
Digitization
The process of converting an analog signal into digital numerical values using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC).
Fragility
The susceptibility of a product to damage when exposed to shock or vibration. Fragility is commonly expressed as the maximum acceleration level a product can withstand without failure for a given pulse duration or change in velocity (ΔV). A plot of the (g-value, ΔV) values for damage is called the damage boundary curve in the packaging field.
G-Force (Gravitational Force)
A measure of acceleration expressed relative to the acceleration due to gravity. 1g = 32.2 ft/sec² = 9.81 m/sec². In transportation and testing applications this represents the intensity of a shock, impact or vibration.
G-Threshold
A user pre-set G-level setting at which a device is triggered. As an example the EDR-3C could be set for a 5g trigger level for which only shocks, impacts or vibrations at or above 5g would be captured. This triggering approach efficiently retains only those higher level events of interest.
Hz (Hertz)
A unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second.
ISTA (International Safe Transit Association)
An organization devoted to packaging and transportation professionals. This organization publishes pre-shipment testing standards for packaging and unit load shipping and handling.
NIST Calibration
National Institute of Standards and Technology. A calibration process whereby the instrument’s calibration is done against a recognized standard maintained by the NIST. This approach is also known as “traceability” to the NIST.
Piezoelectric Sensor
A type of accelerometer used with our recorders which converts mechanical force or acceleration into electrical signals using the piezoelectric effect of certain crystalline materials.
Piezoresistive Sensor
A type of accelerometer used with our recorders which converts mechanical force or acceleration into electrical signals through changes in the resistive properties of semiconductor or strain-sensitive materials. These types of sensors are used with higher precision IST data recorders and offer the feature of DC response.
Post-trigger
The period of time, or number of time samples that are measured and stored after the trigger level has been met. Along with the pre-trigger this determines the length of the recorded acceleration event or shock.
Pre-trigger
The period of time, or number of time samples that are measured and stored before the trigger level is exceeded. This feature enables the capture of a more complete waveform during recording.
Power Spectral Density (PSD)
A widely used statistical technique for analyzing random phenomenon, particularly field vibration measurements. PSDs computed from measured field vibration data are often used to simulate or statistically reproduce the vibration data in a laboratory environment.
Resonant Frequency
The specific vibration frequency at which a product or package vibrates naturally with high amplitude. Ongoing exposure to random vibrations covering this frequency (e.g. transportation vibrations) can result in fatigue or fracture failure even without a specific high g impact event.
Sampling Rate
The frequency at which a digital recorder (or its analog-to-digital converter) converts analog to digital samples, typically expressed in samples per second (Hz or sps). Higher sampling frequencies enable the capture of higher frequency (or shorter duration) events.
Shock Response Spectrum (SRS)
A way to describe the severity of a transient shock event by showing how a set of idealized mechanical systems would respond to that shock. More specifically the Shock Response Spectrum is a plot of the maximum response of many single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems — each having a different natural frequency and damping — when subjected to the same shock pulse.
Stationary
A statistical term that is used to describe random vibration data whose statistical properties remain constant or vary slowly with time (e.g. mean, standard deviation, frequency content).
Time-Stamping
The recording of the date and time that a particular shock or vibration event is captured.
Time Triggering
A signal triggering method whereby data is recorded at specified time intervals independent of signal amplitude. This method is sometimes used to periodically sample vibration type of data.
Trigger Duration Threshold
A triggering parameter that specifies a minimum time period that a signal must be at or above the set trigger level in order to be recorded. Longer duration acceleration events typically involve greater impulse or change in velocity. This parameter can be used to selectively capture only higher energy types of events.

Notes & References on Shock & Vibration

Random Vibration

It is very likely that you will be measuring random vibration events with IST products. Random vibration can be understood as a non-periodic or statistically varying oscillation or motion about a reference point. Common sources of random vibration include shaking airplane wings during flight, a car driving down a rough road, an earthquake, or an elevator shuddering on the way up. Understanding and measuring random vibration is important, since it can cause stress, fatigue, failure, or damage to the object experiencing the vibration.

Acceleration

Vibration measurements are often taken as accelerations measured in g’s. One g is equal to 32 ft/sec² or 9.8 meters/sec², the acceleration due to gravity near the surface of the earth. Acceleration is an effective way to measure vibration events because the velocities and displacements during these events are often very small. What are “normal” accelerations? Many people are unfamiliar with the accelerations everyday objects experience. The figure below will help you gain an understanding of the range of accelerations you may encounter while using IST instruments.

Examples of Acceleration

0.1 – 1 g
  • Initial acceleration of an elevator
  • The floor of a truck bed on a smooth road
  • Object in free fall near the surface of the earth
1 – 10 g
  • Roller coaster ride
  • Earthquake
  • Railcars bumping into each other at 5 mph
  • Formula 1 car in turns
10 – 100 g
  • Car crash into a brick wall at 30 mph
  • Car crash into a brick wall at 60 mph
100 – 500+ g
  • Impact of a 20 lb shipping case dropped from 6 feet
  • Soccer ball being kicked
  • Hard disk drive starting up

Some examples of acceleration (axis not to scale). Values are approximate and for reference only. Some of these values may be surprising, but, as explained in the next section, the mass of an object under acceleration plays a big role in how it responds. In general, objects with smaller masses can withstand more acceleration than those with larger masses.

Peak Acceleration & Newton’s Second Law

Several IST recorder products record peak acceleration. Why is this important? The maximum acceleration is important because it helps describe the forces the object in question is dealing with. Newton’s Second Law states that the force an object experiences is equal to the mass of that object multiplied by the object’s acceleration. The equation is:

F = MA

Where F is the force, M is the mass of the object, and A is the acceleration of that object. Measuring the maximum acceleration events an object experiences provides insight into the maximum forces acting on the object, and therefore potential damage or failure.

Root Mean Square (RMS)

The “rms” or “root mean square” is a statistical calculation which provides a means of quantifying vibration fluctuation or average amplitude. The root mean square is defined as the square root of the mean of the squared values of the data set. The rms is frequently used to quantify a random vibration event for a specified time period. This is useful as raw acceleration readings can be difficult to interpret by themselves. In the field of vibration g-rms is simply the rms of a set of acceleration data measured in g’s. IST software easily computes g-rms for measured vibration events from recorders.

Crest Factor

Another useful statistic when dealing with vibration data is the crest factor (CF). The crest factor is a dimensionless measurement of a waveform. It is calculated as the peak amplitude of a waveform or data set divided by the rms. The crest factor quantifies how extreme the peak value is relative to the rms level in, for example, a vibration data set. The minimum value the crest factor can theoretically attain is 1, which represents the CF for an ideal square wave. A sine wave has a CF of 1.414, and the theoretical maximum for the crest factor is infinity.

References

For further information about shock and vibration, measurement methods, and application, use these helpful references:

  • Brandenburg, R. K., & Lee, J. J. (1985 or newer). Fundamentals of Packaging Dynamics (2nd ed.). Minneapolis, MN: MTS Systems Corporation.
  • Tustin, W. (2005). Random Vibration & Shock Testing. Santa Barbara, CA: Equipment Reliability Institute.
  • Harris, C. M. (1988 or newer). Shock & Vibration Handbook. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • McConnell, K. C. (1995). Vibration Testing Theory and Practice. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Bendat, J. S., & Piersol, A. G. (1986). Random Data Analysis and Measurement Procedures (2nd ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Griffin, M. J. (1996). Handbook of Human Vibration. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Test standards
ASTM D4169ASTM D999ASTM D4728ASTM D5276ISTA 3AISTA 3EISTA 6 AmazonISTA Procedure references

If It’s in Motion, We Can Measure It

From satellite transportation to airborne vibration and crash testing, IST delivers high-performance recording solutions for demanding Aerospace & Defense applications. The EDR-5 and EDR-5D provide reliable measurement and recording for critical shock and vibration environments.

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